Stepper driven machines operate in what is
referred to as an open loop configuration. That is to
say, a motion command is executed by the software
and the hardware is expected to carry out that
position without checking it. In a closed loop
configuration, the hardware senses position with an
encoder and feeds this back data back to the
software for verification, thus, closing the motion
loop. Should the physical position get out of synch
with the logical position by a specified amount, it
will trigger a software "Reset". This will prevent
further damage to expensive work piece materials
such as Ebony, Teflon plastics, etc.
This option adds a level of insurance to the system
with regard to positioning accuracy and reliability. It
includes incremental rotary encoders for each
stepper motor along with interface board for easy
connection to your PC.
It should be noted that open loop systems can be
very reliable and have been used throughout
industry for many years.